Civics Beyond Critics: Character Education in a Liberal Democracy (Ian MacMullen)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The long-term survival and flourishing of liberal democratic political values and institutions depends to some extent on a critical mass of individual citizens having certain dispositions, attitudes and qualities of character rather than others. Theorists differ about how the content of liberal civic virtue should be specified. Virtues such as tolerance, patriotic loyalty, and mutual respect are variously defended in scholarly debates about the content of civic virtue, and hence about the content of liberal citizenship education. Despite these differences, however, educational theorists widely agree that liberal democratic citizenship education must be, at least to some extent, a process of character education. Nevertheless, Ian MacMullen believes that most contemporary liberal-democratic philosophers do not go far enough in this regard. In his most recent book, he presents his carefully argued, finely detailed account of the key, and to his mind unfortunately neglected, characteristics of civic virtue that should form the basis of liberal citizenship education.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".