Superior mitochondrial adaptations in human skeletal muscle after interval compared to continuous single‐leg cycling matched for total work
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Key points A classic unresolved issue in human integrative physiology involves the role of exercise intensity, duration and volume in regulating skeletal muscle adaptations to training. We employed counterweighted single‐leg cycling as a unique within‐subject model to investigate the role of exercise intensity in promoting training‐induced increases in skeletal muscle mitochondrial content. Six sessions of high‐intensity interval training performed over 2 weeks elicited greater increases in citrate synthase maximal activity and mitochondrial respiration compared to moderate‐intensity continuous training matched for total work and session duration. These data suggest that exercise intensity, and/or the pattern of contraction, is an important determinant of exercise‐induced skeletal muscle remodelling in humans. Abstract We employed counterweighted single‐leg cycling as a unique model to investigate the role of exercise intensity in human skeletal muscle remodelling. Ten young active men performed unilateral graded‐exercise tests to measure single‐leg and peak power ( W peak ). Each leg was randomly assigned to complete six sessions of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) [4 × (5 min at 65% W peak and 2.5 min at 20% W peak )] or moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT) (30 min at 50% W peak ), which were performed 10 min apart on each day, in an alternating order. The work performed per session was matched for MICT (143 ± 8.4 kJ) and HIIT (144 ± 8.5 kJ, P > 0.05). Post‐training, citrate synthase (CS) maximal activity (10.2 ± 0.8 vs . 8.4 ± 0.9 mmol kg protein −1 min −1 ) and mass‐specific [pmol O 2 •(s•mg wet weight) −1 ] oxidative phosphorylation capacities (complex I: 23.4 ± 3.2 vs . 17.1 ± 2.8; complexes I and II: 58.2 ± 7.5 vs . 42.2 ± 5.3) were greater in HIIT relative to MICT (interaction effects, P < 0.05); however, mitochondrial function [i.e. pmol O 2 •(s•CS maximal activity) −1 ] measured under various conditions was unaffected by training ( P > 0.05). In whole muscle, the protein content of COXIV (24%), NDUFA9 (11%) and mitofusin 2 (MFN2) (16%) increased similarly across groups (training effects, P < 0.05). Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (COXIV) and NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A9 (NDUFA9) were more abundant in type I than type II fibres ( P < 0.05) but training did not increase the content of COXIV, NDUFA9 or MFN2 in either fibre type ( P > 0.05). Single‐leg was also unaffected by training ( P > 0.05). In summary, single‐leg cycling performed in an interval compared to a continuous manner elicited superior mitochondrial adaptations in human skeletal muscle despite equal total work.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it