Treatment of Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia by Gamma Knife Radiosurgery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN) is a rare facial pain syndrome affecting the sensory distribution of the glossopharyngeal (IX) and sometimes vagus (X) cranial nerves.It is characterized by severe paroxysmal pain typically on one side of the throat, ear, base of the tongue, and angle of jaw.GPN can be associated with bradycardia and syncopal episodes that rarely can cause lifethreatening hemodynamic instability.Pain attacks may be elicited by triggering stimuli, such as swallowing, coughing, talking or chewing.The majority of cases of GPN are idiopathic and, like trigeminal neuralgia (TN), can be caused by microvascular compression of the nerve roots.Initial management of GPN consist of anticonvulsant medications.For refractory cases, microvascular decompression (MVD) is an option with good rates of pain relief; 1 however, significant morbidity and mortality can occur with open surgery.GKRS is a well-accepted treatment for TN, but its use for GPN remains controversial.There have been few cases reported in the literature to date.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] To add to this, we present the first case in Canada of a medically refractory patient in which GPN was successfully treated with GKRS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".