From Managing the State to Managing Contingencies: Changing Roles of the Senior Civil Service in Sweden
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It has been open season on civil servants and the public bureaucracy in many western democracies for the past 20–25 years. The critique has been most noticeable in countries which have embraced New Public Management as a strategy of administrative reform (Peters, 2001). 1 In Britain, Mrs Thatcher staged a campaign to ‘deprivilege’ the public service (Hood, 1995) and in Canada, Prime Minister Mulroney pledged to provide civil servants with ‘pink slips and running shoes’ (Savoie, 1994). Similar patterns of portraying civil servants as the epitome of the alleged inertia and rigidity could be found in Australia and New Zealand. However, there are similar — if less pronounced — shifts in the views and status of public servants in other jurisdictions as well.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".