Bibliographic record
Abstract
Superficial bacterial folliculitis (SBF), or superficial pyoderma, is a bacterial infection confined to the superficial portion of the hair follicle (1). Bacteria may cause an infection secondary to local trauma, scratching, contamination due to poor grooming, seborrhea, parasitic infestation, hormonal factors, local irritants, or allergies (1). In dogs, SBF is the most common form of pyoderma, and is also the principal reason for antimicrobial use in small animal practice (2,3). The predominant pathogen that causes superficial pyoderma is Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (1) (formerly S. intermedius), a commensal bacterium that resides on the mucosal and skin surfaces of dogs (4,5). These resident strains may act as opportunistic pathogens and cause infection, primarily involving the skin. Infection results from an interaction between genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Various predisposing factors and primary causes of infection contribute to the switch of S. pseudintermedius from commensal to pathogen (4,5). Less commonly, dogs may also be colonized and infected by other Staphylococcus species and other bacteria (1). While SBF is generally a straightforward diagnosis, observing changes suggestive of follicular inflammation (folliculitis) in a patient is not confirmatory for bacterial involvement in the disease. Follicular inflammation also occurs with other conditions, including demodicosis, dermatophytosis, and a variety of immune-mediated skin disorders. To confirm the diagnosis of SBF, diagnostic tests must be performed to obtain cytological evidence of bacteria and inflammation while ruling out other common causes of folliculitis (1). Superficial bacterial folliculitis can often become a chronic and/or recurrent condition if the primary underlying cause is not identified and adequately resolved or controlled. Causes for the persistence or recurrence of pyoderma include inappropriate therapy (drugs used, duration of treatment), lack of diagnostics, methicillin resistance, client compliance. These and other factors such as bacterial carriage on individual dogs, immune suppression, and persistent underlying disease can lead to selection of methicillin-resistant staphylococci in a patient.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".