Theoretical Limits to the Anode Potential in Aqueous Mg–Air Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aqueous Mg–air battery is an attractive candidate for some electric vehicle applications due to its high theoretical specific energy, environmentally and physiologically benign properties, and implied low cost from using earth-abundant materials. However, the experimentally observed potentials (1.6–1.2 V) are far from the thermodynamically predicted value of 3.09 V, based on the free energy of formation for the reaction Mg (s) + 1/2 O 2 (g) + H 2 O (l) ⇌ Mg(OH) 2 (s). It is generally believed that this large difference is principally due to the presence of Mg corrosion giving rise to a net corrosion potential, and that it would be possible to nearly obtain the full potential of 3.09 V if corrosion were completely suppressed. In this contribution, we present a density functional theory study of the hydroxide-assisted Mg anodic dissolution mechanism in the aqueous Mg–air battery. We show that the Mg surface is expected to be highly OH*-covered in the anodic dissolution process, and that the calculated intrinsic limiting potentials are in fact in reasonable agreement with experimentally observed potentials. These limiting potentials are dictated by sequential electrochemical adsorption of hydroxide to the Mg surface, and therefore, the bulk free energy of Mg(OH) 2 (s) formation cannot be used to predict the intrinsic anode potential in the aqueous Mg–air battery. These intrinsic limits imply that completely suppressing Mg corrosion will not significantly increase the potential available for the Mg–air battery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".