Facile One-Step Photolithographic Method for Engineering Hierarchically Nano/Microstructured Transparent Superamphiphobic Surfaces
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is of great value to develop a simple, controllable, and scalable method of making superamphiphobic surfaces. Here we present a facile one-step photolithographic method to engineer superamphiphobic surfaces consisting of photoresist micropillars decorated with nanoparticles of the same photoresist. The surface or coating is optically transparent and versatile, and can be fabricated on a broad range of substrates including stretchable elastomers. During the development of the micropillar array, photoresist nanoparticles are spontaneously grown on the micropillars by a well-controlled emulsification process of the un-cross-linked residual photoresist. This creates a hierarchical structure with a re-entrant and convex morphology which is the key for superoleophobicity. The chemical bonding between the nanoparticles and the micropillars is strong producing a robust and durable coating. This facile method is scalable and industry-applicable for a variety of applications such as self-cleaning, antifouling, and deicing/antifrosting.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".