Comparison Of Saline-, Salt Tablets- And Glycerol-induced Hyperhydration On Fluid Balance In Healthy Young Men
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pre-exercise hyperhydration may help maintain, or limit the degradation of, endurance performance and physiological functions during prolonged exercises with limited fluid availability. We recently demonstrated that saline-induced hyperhydration (SIH) substantially improves fluid retention, compared with glycerol-induced hyperhydration (GIH). One drawback associated with SIH is its lack of palatability. We hypothesized that ingesting large fluid volumes concurrently with salt tablets (STIH) may offer the same fluid-retention advantage than SIH, without the disadvantage associated with its poor palatability. PURPOSE: To compare the effects of STIH, SIH and GIH on fluid balance responses during a 3h hyperhydration protocol. METHODS: Using a randomised, counterbalanced protocol, 16 young men (21 ± 2 yrs, 65 ± 6 kg fat-free mass (FFM)) underwent three, 3h hyperhydration protocols during which they ingested, during the initial 60 min, 30 mL/kg FFM of water with an artificial sweetener plus 1) 7.5 dissolved salt tablets (1g each)/L (SIH); 2) 7.5 un-dissolved salt tablets (1g each)/L (STIH) or; 3) 1.4 g glycerol/kg FFM (GIH). Changes in urine production, fluid retention, hemoglobin, hematocrit, plasma volume and perceptual variables were monitored throughout the trials. RESULTS: Subjects ingested a total of 1948 ± 182 mL (25.3 ± 1.4 mL/kg bodyweight) of tangerine-flavoured solution with either 14.5 ± 1.4 dissolved salt tablets (SIH), 14.5 ± 1.4 un-dissolved salt tablets (STIH) or 90.9 ± 8.5 g of glycerol (1.2 ± 0.1 g/kg bodyweight) (GIH) during the initial hour of experimentation. After 3h, there were no significant (P>0.05) differences between treatments for hemoglobin, hematocrit (STIH: 43.2 ± 2.9%; SIH: 43.3 ± 2.9%; GIH: 44.3 ± 2.7%;) and plasma volume changes (STIH: 14.3 ± 11.5%; SIH: 10.4 ± 8.7%; GIH: 4.7 ± 11.3%). Urine production (STIH: 1047 ± 310 mL; SIH: 808 ± 207 mL; GIH: 1216 ± 238 mL) was significantly (P<0.05) lower and fluid retention (STIH: 905 ± 340 mL; SIH: 1150 ± 287 mL; GIH: 800 ± 211 mL) higher with SIH than STIH or GIH, with no difference between STIH and GIH. No differences were found between treatments for perceptual variables. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that SIH reduces urine production and provides more fluid retention than either STIH or GIH.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".