Recent failure to control sea louse outbreaks on salmon in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The advent and growth of salmon farming has changed the epidemiology of some salmon diseases. In 2015, in the salmon-farming region of the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia, an outbreak of native ectoparasitic copepods (sea lice; Lepeophtheirus salmonis) recurred in wild juvenile salmon after a decade of effective control. We draw on a 15-year data set of sea lice on wild and farmed salmon in the area to assess the evidence for four factors that may explain the recent outbreak: (i) poorly timed parasiticide treatments of farmed salmon relative to wild salmon migration, (ii) evolution of resistance to parasiticide treatments in sea lice, (iii) anomalous environmental conditions promoting louse population growth, and (iv) a high influx of lice with an abundant pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) return in 2014. We propose that a combination of poorly timed treatments and warm environmental conditions likely explains the outbreak. Where wild salmon conservation is a concern, a more effective approach to managing sea lice on wild and farmed salmon could incorporate the out-migration timing of wild juvenile salmon and information on environmental conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".