Probabilistic 16-QAM Shaping in WDM Systems
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work proposes a probabilistic shaping scheme for optical WDM systems, where nonlinear interference noise depends on the input optical signal power distribution. With 16-QAM, a white Gaussian channel analysis shows that the shaped constellation is able to achieve a reach improvement of up to 7%, while split-step Fourier method simulations suggest that even higher gains are possible in practice. An example system is developed for a transmission distance around 3280 km. A constellation mapping and a low-density parity-check code are developed for this regime to show a reach improvement of 7.1%. These shaping schemes can also be extended to 64-QAM, where a reach improvement of over 10% is expected.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it