‘From Wigwam to White Lights’: Popular Culture, Politics, and the Performance of Native North American Identity in the Era of Assimilationism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The major collection of historical objects owned by the Kanien’kehaka Onkwawén:na Raotitiohkwa, the Mohawk cultural centre at Kahnawake, Quebec outside of Montreal, is an assemblage of clothing and memorabilia that testifies to the strategic nature of Aboriginal reenactments of Native North American identity during one of the darkest periods in indigenous colonial history. 2 The collection is the legacy of Esther Deer, an acclaimed Hodenosaunee (Iroquois) 3 professional entertainer who performed in Europe, Africa, and North America under the name of Princess White Deer between the late 1890s and the mid-1930s. It includes publicity photographs, scrapbooks of press clippings, theatrical programs, official documents, correspondence, and souvenirs of Deer’s international travels. The stage costumes in the collection include finely beaded hide garments typical of ‘authentic’ nineteenth-century Plains Indian clothing, fantastically coloured feather bonnets (which Deer wore, as her publicity photos show, with the tiny spangled halter tops and briefs also in the collection), and fashionable dresses in the flapper style of the 1920s. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.019 | 0.032 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".