Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We now turn our discussion to the Americas and examine the prospects for monetary integration in the northern and southern hemispheres. Canada and Mexico have floating exchange rates, which are often described as the best regime for a country in bed with an elephant – the huge U.S. economy. It is important to know, however, just how much economic insulation Canada and Mexico have actually enjoyed, and whether NAFTA has changed the situation – the claim made by some Canadians who advocate monetary union with the United States or adoption of the U.S. dollar. For Mexico, a key issue is whether growing competition from China strengthens or weakens the case for tighter monetary integration with the U.S. dollar. This chapter also looks at whether MERCOSUR should take steps toward an internal monetary union – one that would not include the United States. The recent addition of Venezuela to MERCOSUR, along with leftist anti-American sentiment in several other countries, may revive the quest for a single currency. The composition of MERCOSUR's trade, however, will influence the economic benefits, costs, and possible strains arising from a monetary union. To the extent that financial dollarization has already occurred, moreover, use of the U.S. dollar may impede prospects for an internal monetary union. We thus compare the benefits and costs of internal monetary union with those that would result from unilateral dollarization.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".