Citoyennetés multiples, fragmentées et superposées: la recherche d'un point d'ancrage (Multiple, Fragmented and Superimposed Citizenships: The Search for an Anchor Point)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
French Abstract: La presente contribution porte sur l’analyse de la citoyennete dans les espaces politiques multinationaux que sont le Canada et l’Europe, en soulevant des questions presentant un interet dans le contexte belge. Apres avoir presente une analyse classique de la notion de citoyennete (celle de Marshall), l’auteure aborde la dimension culturelle de la citoyennete et la distinction entre les citoyennetes statutaire et identitaire, ce qui conduira a une reflexion sur la « politique de la reconnaissance ». A la recherche d’un point d’ancrage face au constat d’une citoyennete de plus en plus fragmentee, l’auteure revient sur la notion de citoyennete sociale avant de regarder la citoyennete dans le contexte de la construction europeenne et de terminer sur le role du droit comme vecteur de citoyennete. English Abstract: This article is concerned with the analysis of citizenship in multi-national political spaces such as Canada and Europe, raising questions that are of interest in the Belgian case. In the first part, after reviewing Marshall’s classical citizenship analysis, the author looks at the cultural dimension of citizenship and at the differences between statutory and identity citizenships. This analysis brings her to discuss the “politics of recognition”. The author notes that social citizenship is more and more fragmented. Based on this finding and by looking for a “reference point”, the author revisits the concept of social citizenship before examining citizenship in the broader context of the building of Europe. In the last part, the author revisits the role of law as a vector of citizenship.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.023 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".