Improving the Permselectivity of Commercial Cation-Exchange Membranes for Electrodialysis Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cation-exchange membranes bearing sulfonate groups (Neosepta CMX) were modified by chemical polymerization of aniline at the surface of the membranes. The doped polyaniline (PANI) adsorbed at the surface of the membrane consists of a positively charged layer which acts as an electrostatic barrier for multivalent cations. The resulting composite membranes (CMX-PANI) were characterized by electrodialysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), exchange capacity measurements (EC) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The presence the PANI layer was shown to improve the membrane permselectivity for protons vs. bivalent cations (Zn 2+ and Cu 2+ ) by a factor of at least 20 after electrodialysis in acidic solutions. Optimization of the anilinium exchange time as well as the polymerization time were performed. It was also demonstrated that the blocking efficiency of the PANI layer depended on the thickness and uniformity of this layer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".