Applications in conservation of plant biodiversity and agriculture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Key points Land plants evolved from marine algal ancestors, but only halophytes retained their ancestral salt tolerance; humans have used salt marsh biological resources to their advantage since at least Neanderthal times; coastal wetlands support a wide range of plants useful for food, fibre, oil and medicine; because modern agriculture began in highland areas, early crops were not selected for salt tolerance; crop loss from soil salinization has led to collapse of societies and/or warfare from Neolithic to modern times; agricultural salinization problems have increased as human population growth drives increased irrigation and depletion of groundwater. Coastal wetlands are storehouses of genetic salt specialization, which offer solutions for a new Green Revolution; novel foods and biofuels from wild halophytes allow desert agriculture, aiding the need to conserve freshwater, which is considered the greatest challenge to human survival. Salt of the Earth In Chapter 6 we discussed the role of long-term changes in the distribution of Earth’s continents and seas, which has shaped the diversity of coastal wetland floras over the past >66 Ma. In fact, environmental salt is a fundamental legacy of Earth’s evolution for more than 550 million years. As far back as Pangean time when there was only one supercontinent, there have been major sea level changes like those described in Chapter 2, and these have required ongoing adaption to alternating terrestrial and tidal regimes for coastal plants. Both aquatic algae and land plants (excluding mosses) responded to these shoreline changes during their evolution by developing salt-tolerance mechanisms across a wide range of taxonomic groups (Plants in Action, 1999). This convergent evolution in various mangrove trees, intertidal salt marsh and salt desert halophytes is manifest as similar mechanisms for salt exclusion by roots, salt excretion by leaves and as compartmentation of salt within fleshy leaf or stem tissue across widely separated taxonomic groups (Chapter 3). Other less well-developed mechanisms for salt exclusion and cellular compartmentation are also found in some non-halophytic wild plants and their cultivated varieties. This genetic variation in salt tolerance can be exploited for genetic improvement of commercially significant species or cultivars, especially when the mechanisms and inheritance of the salt tolerance is well understood.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.066 | 0.015 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".