Societal values expressed through policy and regulations concerning biological control releases
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The evolution of policy and regulations for the importation of live biological organisms across national and other jurisdictional borders, under which biological control agent introductions are regulated, has mirrored changes in societal values and concerns about such deliberate introductions. Five countries, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States have conducted the vast majority of the world's classical biological control agent introductions. Internationally, both Australia and New Zealand countries champion strong international biosecurity standards to reduce biosecurity risks from international trade. Many countries are harmonizing their goals with respect to reducing invasive species’ impacts on the environment through their joint commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). There are different complex processes regulating the release of weed, and insect biological control agents across countries. The development of the CBD decisions and targets around biodiversity protection led to the Nagoya Protocol concerning benefit-sharing of biodiversity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.033 | 0.044 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.016 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.012 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".