Bibliographic record
Abstract
When the Supreme Constitutional Court initiated operations in 1979, Egypt was in the midst of simultaneous economic and political transitions. On the political front, Sadat had engineered a fundamental reorganization of Egypt's political landscape as part and parcel of his reorientation away from the Soviet Union and his drive to entice foreign direct investment from the West. In 1976, Sadat introduced a tightly controlled process of political liberalization when he divided the Arab Socialist Union into three platforms, representing the left, right, and center of the political spectrum. One year later he issued a new political parties law that allowed for the establishment of political parties and governed competition among them. But Sadat's shift to a multiparty system was never intended to be a complete and comprehensive democratic transition. Rather, it was to be a tightly controlled process of political liberalization that would give the appearance of free party competition with few concrete concessions from the regime. The legal framework was critical to this process of controlled liberalization. The new political parties law, in combination with an assortment of new legislation regulating political activity, established a tightly bounded corporatist political system with abundant levers for the regime to control nascent opposition parties. If there were any doubts about who was in control of the pace and extent of political reform, they were put to rest by Sadat's move to ban the New Wafd Party and to bar Wafd leader Fu‘ad Sirag al-Din and hundreds of others from political life when their criticism of the regime reached disagreeable levels.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.018 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".