Application of deformation adjustors in piled raft foundations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper introduces a new device called a deformation adjustor to improve the performance of piled raft foundations in supporting high-rise buildings. The deformation adjustors are placed between pile head and raft to optimise the stiffness distribution in the piled raft system so that the differential settlement can be minimised and the potential bearing capacity of subsoils can be effectively utilised. They are particularly promising for piled raft foundations in complicated loading, construction and subsurface conditions. This paper first describes the development of the deformation adjustors and the installation procedures in piled rafts, followed by their potential applications to piled raft foundations in different challenging conditions. The possible challenging applications include piled rafts with end-bearing piles, reuse of old piles as a part of the piled rafts and piled rafts in complicated geological conditions. The preliminary design procedures for each application are also discussed. At the end of this paper, a case history is documented to show the potential of using deformation adjustors to improve the performance of piled rafts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".