Bibliographic record
Abstract
Even though the 1931 Statute of Westminster had made Australia, Canada, and New Zealand independent nations with autonomous foreign policies, New Zealand and Australia nevertheless responded to the outbreak of the Second World War as if they were still colonies, automatically at war as they had been in 1914. Both relied upon Britain for strategic imperatives such as security and defence, as well as for economic reasons. Further, sentimental links between Britain and its former colonies meant many continued to call Britain “home” and to regard the British as their “kith and kin.” Within hours of Britain's declaration of war on Germany, both New Zealand's Prime Minister, Michael Joseph Savage, and Australia's Prime Minister, Robert Menzies, rushed to offer the British government their support because they believed it inconceivable to do otherwise. In Canada, although the Anglophile, imperialist, and monarchist Prime Minister, Mackenzie King, was in favor of supporting Britain once war was declared, he knew he had to satisfy Francophone Quebec's concerns about the conscription issue that had proved so divisive in the First World War; thus he informed the nation he would “let Parliament decide.” After very little debate, Canada, too, was at war by September 10. As news of the defeats suffered by Britain and France continued to be reported in the press, the conscription issue was once again raised, but King's ambiguous proclamation, “Conscription if necessary, but not necessarily conscription,” served only to anger French Canadians.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.019 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".