Early Childhood Characteristics, Parenting, and Contextual Influences on Preschoolers’ Behaviour and Developing Competencies: An Examination of Behavioural, Academic, and Social Adjustment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present studies were designed to examine early emerging behaviour problems, temperament, parenting, maternal characteristics, and contextual influences on children’s developing competencies in a pooled sample of mother-child dyads, as well as links to academic and social adjustment following preschoolers’ transition to elementary school. Mothers from three independent Canadian samples participated with their preschool-aged offspring in data collection; questionnaire measures were employed in order to investigate temperament, behaviour problems, parenting, and maternal emotionality in early childhood (children aged 2-6), and classroom behaviour, interpersonal skills, social and attention problems in middle childhood (children aged 6-11). In addition to maternal and teacher-report questionnaires, report-card marks were collected at the conclusion of the academic year, and children completed standardized measures of verbal ability to assess school achievement and vocabulary, respectively. \nResults reflected the significance of child, parental, and familial influences on children’s early behaviour and subsequent adjustment following the school transition. In addition to direct effects, findings demonstrated indirect and interactive relationships between temperament, parenting, maternal emotionality, and familial socioeconomic stress in contributing to the early emergence of externalizing problems, and to academic and social adjustment outcomes in middle childhood. Further evidence of bidirectional associations between temperament and parenting was also indicated in the context of children’s externalizing behaviour at preschool age. \nThe results highlight the complexity of relationships across a range of multi-level factors, and their direct, indirect, and interactive contributions to children’s early behaviour and subsequent adjustment at school age. Findings underscore the significance of early childhood in shaping social, behavioural, and academic outcomes, and have important implications for policies and programs that promote positive developmental outcomes. By pooling participants from three independent Canadian samples, results contribute valuable information to the field of early childhood development, and underscore the concurrent and longitudinal influences on preschoolers’ behaviour and school age adjustment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".