Civil Society Organizations against Free Trade Agreements in North America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The analysis of civil society mobilization against free trade agreements (FTAs) in North America raises a number of empirical and theoretical concerns for two basic reasons. First, because the convergence of nationally based coalitions to oppose the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement (CUSFTA) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) failed dismally on both occasions, a result which is not easy to reconcile with the prevailing optimistic view about the relevance of social mobilization. And secondly, because the emergence of armed struggle in Mexico, led by the Ejercito Zapatista de Liberation Nacional (EZLN — Zapatista Army of National Liberation),2 the day the agreement came into force, 1 January 1994, deeply affected the relevance and legitimacy of any further reformist opposition to NAFTA. In turn, this could explain the swiftness with which North American coalitions against NAFTA shifted their mobilizing capacity to embark on an anti-Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) campaign, and the consequent disinterest toward any further mobilization against NAFTA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".