Filtering Brackish Water by Photovoltaic-Powered Membrane
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Photovoltaic-powered membrane was taken to filter brackish water. Effect of ammonia concentration, pressure and salinity on ammonia and total dissolved solids (TDS) removal, water recovery and energy consumption had been investigated. Results show that ammonia concentration did not influence ammonia and TDS removal, water recovery, and energy consumption obviously. Results of ammonia concentration of 10, 20 and 35 mg/l were similar to that of 5 mg/l. For salinity, the better filtration was achieved when the concentration of salinity was lower. With increment of pressure, ammonia and TDS removal increased simultaneously. The ammonia and TDS removal of more than 98% attained with the water recovery of 40.6% at the energy consumption of 2.0 kWh/m3. It illustrates that salinity and pressure were definitely crucial to brackish water filtration with photovoltaic-powered membrane.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".