Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anyone can make the simple complicated. Creativity is making the complicated simple. Charles Mingus Unsourced quote Ichnofacies stand today as one of the most elegant but widely misunderstood concepts in ichnology. Robert Frey, George Pemberton, and Thomas Saunders “Ichnofacies and bathymetry: a passive relationship” (1990) The ichnofacies model was introduced in a series of papers originally published in German by Seilacher (1954, 1955b, 1958, 1963b), and later expanded into English (Seilacher, 1964a, 1967b). In doing so, he created from a series of apparently disparate worldwide observations an elegant and coherent conceptual model. This body of work resulted in the first paradigm in ichnology, and transformed this field of research from a parochial discipline practiced by a few into a mainstream paleontological and geological science with a rich conceptual framework and multiple fruitful applications. Subsequently, the model was refined and expanded in a series of papers (e.g. Frey and Seilacher, 1980; Bromley et al ., 1984; Frey and Pemberton, 1984, 1985, 1987; Bromley, 1990, 1996; Pemberton et al ., 1992b; Bromley and Asgaard, 1993a; Lockley et al ., 1994; Buatois and Mángano, 1995b, 2009; Gibert et al ., 1998, 2007; Genise et al ., 2000, 2010a; Ekdale et al ., 2007; Hunt and Lucas, 2007; Minter and Braddy, 2009), remaining at the core of ichnology, both as a theoretical framework and as a tool. The aim of this chapter is to provide an updated review of the ichnofacies model, addressing not only marine softground and substrate-controlled ichnofacies, but also invertebrate and vertebrate continental ichnofacies. Vertebrate ichnofacies are still in flux and what is presented herein should be understood as a preliminary “state-of-the-art” rather than a consensus view on the matter.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.013 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.162 | 0.044 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".