Extrusion Foaming of Poly(Lactic acid) Blown with CO <sub>2</sub> : Toward 100% Green Material
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a thorough investigation of the continuous extrusion foaming of amorphous poly(lactic acid) (PLA) using carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as the blowing agent. Detailed results describing the plasticization induced by CO 2 dissolution as measured from two different methods, on-line rheometry and in-line ultrasonic technique, are given. Characteristics of the foams obtained from extrusion performed under various processing conditions are also reported. Extrusion of PLA foams in the 20–25 kg/m 3 density range was achieved. However, the associated processing window was very narrow: CO 2 content lower than ca. 7 wt% did not lead to significant foam expansion while foams blown at CO 2 contents larger than 8.3 wt% showed severe shrinkage upon ageing.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it