Synthesis and Characterization of Thermoreversible, Protein-Conjugating Polymers Based on <i>N</i>-Isopropylacrylamide
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thermoreversible, protein-conjugating polymers are being explored as drug carriers for controlled delivery of therapeutic proteins. Such polymers can be designed so that they (i) can conjugate to proteins without crosslinking agents, (ii) are soluble at a low temperature (so that chemical manipulations can be carried out in a solution state), and (iii) are insoluble at the physiological temperature to form a gelled state at a site of application. This study was intended to engineer thermoreversible N-isopropylacrylamide (NiPAM) polymers that contain protein-reactive N-acryloxysuccinimide (NASI) and hydrophobic methyl methacrylate (MMA) and ethyl methacrylate (EMA) units. NASI, MMA and EMA units were all shown to effectively reduce the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polymers. NASI component was shown to undergo pH-dependent hydrolysis which can significantly influence the LCST. In experiments designed to assess the stability of polymer gels, gel stability was found to be inversely correlated with the LCST. In experiments designed to assess gel formation, NASI was found to have an unstabilizing effect on hydrogel formation, and MMA and EMA (<27% mole ratio) were not capable of facilitating gelation. We conclude that protein-reactive polymers can be engineered for LCST but this does not readily lend itself for polymer gelation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".