Long-term earth pressure measurements of two largespan flexible culverts in Norway
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper shows the first results of a research project concerning the full-scale tests of two flexible culverts in Norway. The project is called: “Large-Span Flexible Corrugated Steel Culverts” (CULVERTS) and is realized at The Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Norway, thanks to financial support provided by The European Community under a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship. Several full-scale tests have been performed in the field to validate the long-term performance and load bearing capacity of these structures. The primary objective of the CULVERTS project is connected with realization of long-term field earth pressure measurements of two existing large-span flexible culverts in full-scale under live loads and various climate conditions in Norway. The first culvert is a horizontal ellipse located at Dovre, about 350 km north of Oslo and serving as a road tunnel for Euroroad no. 6. The second structure Tolpinrud is a pipe-arch culvert located at Honefoss, about 60 km North of Oslo and serves as a rail-road tunnel under a main road. In the CULVERTS project experimental results obtained in the years 1982–1988 by dr Jan Vaslestad are compared with experimental results obtained in the years 2005–2006. The originality of the project consist in the fact that such long observation period of changes in this kind of structures has never been done so far. The results are presented on figures and charts Abstract Introduction Description of the instrumented structures Instrumentation and measurements Results of long-term earth pressure measurements Conclusions Acknowledgements References
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".