Progress of Islet Transplantation over the Last 15 Years
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus prevalence is increasing worldwide. Type 1 diabetes (T1DM), which is caused mainly by autoimmune destruction of beta cells, accounts for approximately 5–10 % of all diabetes. Intensive glycemic control has been shown to reduce complications of T1DM. However, this has been difficult to achieve and is usually associated with frequent hypoglycemia. Islet transplantation (IT) has emerged as an acceptable method for the treatment of patients with T1DM who suffer for frequent severe hypoglycemia and/or glycemic lability. Although initial success was limited, improvement in IT has been observed over the last 15 years. The 5-year insulin independence rate approaches 30–50 % in some experienced centers. Even without achieving insulin independence, IT has significant benefits including prevention of hypoglycemia, stabilization of glycemic control, reduction in some complications of diabetes, and improvement in quality of life. Here, we provide a brief review on IT including its history, selection of IT candidates, description, and complications of the procedure and outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".