Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter examines the pervasiveness of male homosexuality in William Faulkner’s early prose writings. It suggests that Faulkner’s anxiety about “cultural conflations of male artistry and male homosexuality” can be traced to his literary apprenticeship in New Orleans and his friendship with the painter William Spratling. The chapter argues that it was the openly gay Spratling, not Sherwood Anderson as critics claim, who stood at the center of a circle of artists during Faulkner’s time in New Orleans. Faulkner and Spratling lived together for several months, traveled to Europe together, and shared many similarities and interests, including their collaborative 1926 book, Sherwood Anderson and Other Famous Creoles. Strong homoerotic currents are evident in Faulkner’s early sketches, written for the New Orleans Times-Picayune and the literary magazine Double Dealer, as well as some of the scenes and portrayals in his novel Mosquitoes. The chapter concludes that Spratling was a “significant source of inspiration” for Faulkner’s fiction of the 1920s.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.021 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".