Special Category States in the Framework of Asymmetrical Federalism in India
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This chapter discusses the special category states in the framework of asymmetrical federalism in India as embodied in the Articles 370 and 371 of Indian Constitution as well as the Fifth and Sixth Schedules to the Constitution. The chapter traces the origins of these schedules and discusses the volatile issue of tribal land alienation in India. Drawing from a large body of scholarly writings on asymmetrical federalism, this chapter critically examines the question of diversity in the Indian federation and the adequacy of asymmetrical powers to deal with such diversities as exhibited within the special category states, especially within the Northeast. It draws comparisons with other countries that too are facing large asymmetries in their federal structures, like Belgium, Canada, Spain and Malaysia, while examining the sufficiency of asymmetrical powers necessary for a federation as diverse and complex as India and concludes with a critical evaluation of de jure asymmetry of Indian federation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".