Performance Modeling, Analysis, and Optimization of Delayed Mobile Data Offloading for Mobile Users
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Operators have recently resorted to Wi-Fi offloading to deal with increasing data demand and induced congestion. Researchers have further suggested the use of delayed offloading: if no Wi-Fi connection is available, (some) traffic can be delayed up to a given deadline or until WiFi becomes available. Nevertheless, there is no clear consensus as to the benefits of delayed offloading, with a couple of recent experimental studies largely diverging in their conclusions, nor is it clear how these benefits depend on network characteristics (e.g., Wi-Fi availability), user traffic load, and so on. In this paper, we propose a queueing analytic model for delayed offloading, and derive the mean delay, offloading efficiency, and other metrics of interest, as a function of the user's patience, and key network parameters for two different service disciplines (First Come First Served and Processor Sharing). We validate the accuracy of our results using a range of realistic scenarios and real data traces. Finally, we use these expressions to show how the user could optimally choose deadlines by solving the variations of a constrained optimization problem, in order to maximize her own benefits.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".