Bibliographic record
Abstract
O ver the final months of 1973 and into early 1974, the office of Oregon Governor Tom McCall was inundated with letters from people around the country who wanted him to prevent the extradition of Ronald Williams to Alabama. Williams had fled to Oregon in 1972 while free on appeal bond following his conviction on assault charges that stemmed from the September 1970 “shootout” between the Jefferson County Sheriff’s Department and the ABLF. Among the correspondence that McCall received were letters from Amnesty International, the NAACP, the Civil Liberties Union, and the Urban League. Letters arrived not only from Oregon and Alabama, but also from New Hampshire, Florida, and Massachusetts. There were letters even from Canada and Australia. There was a letter from Wally Priestley, a member of the Oregon House of Representatives, and from Richard Arrington, then a member of the Birmingham City Council and soon to be its first black mayor. There were letters from journalists, lawyers, professors, clergy, college students, and business owners. And there were handwritten notes from Williams’ two young stepdaughters, including a poem that one of them had written about her stepfather’s situation. 1
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.030 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.023 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".