Analysis of Global and Specific Changes in the Disulfide Proteome Using Redox 2D-PAGE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Protein cysteine sulfhydryl groups are susceptible to a number of redox-dependent modifications, including an interchange between the reduced sulfhydryl and an oxidized disulfide state. A growing body of evidence suggests that reversible disulfide bond formation alters the structure and function of proteins. In this chapter, a method is described for isolating disulfide bonded proteins from different subcellular compartments by using a differential detergent fractionation technique followed by sequential nonreducing/reducing two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (i.e., Redox 2D-PAGE). This method can be adapted to examine individual redox-active proteins by immunoprecipitating an epitope-tagged redox protein expressed in cultured cells and using Redox 2D-PAGE and mass spectrometry to identify proteins that form mixed disulfides with the tagged protein. With the use of these techniques, it is shown that disulfide bond formation occurs within families of cytoplasmic proteins and may provide a common mechanism used to control multiple physiological processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".