Bouzari and Others <i>v.</i> Islamic Republic of Iran
Bibliographic record
Abstract
427 Human rights — Freedom from torture — Nature of prohibition of torture — Whether a rule of jus cogens — Consequences — Remedies for torture — Whether State entitled to claim State immunity when sued for torture — Whether other States required to provide remedy for acts of torture committed outside their territory — Convention against Torture, 1984, Article 14(1) — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966, Article 14 Relationship of international law and municipal law — Customary law — Part of Canadian common law — Treaties — Effect in Canadian law of treaty not implemented by legislation — International law principles and values as aid to construction of legislation — Expert evidence on international law — Admissibility — Value State immunity — Jurisdictional immunity — Exceptions to immunity — Commercial activity — Torts occasioning personal or bodily injury — Whether exception to immunity for non-commercial torts extends to torture committed by defendant State in its own territory — Whether there is an exception to immunity for violations of jus cogens — Canada State Immunity Act 1982 428 Treaties — Interpretation — Relevance of subsequent practice — Convention against Torture, 1984 — Practice of States Parties — Reports to Committee against Torture — Response to declaration by United States of America — The law of Canada
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".