The Economic Impacts of Aging Societies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Changes occuring in the health sector and in terms of society within the last 100 years in the world has extended the life expectations at the time of birth and decreased the birth rates. These changes have been experienced especially in developed countries rather than the underdeveloped and developing countries. The aim of this study is to make the determination of the economic effects of growth by using panel data analysis method for 2000-2014 period in 19 developed countries consisting of USA, Canada, England, Germany, France, Japan, Belgium, Australia, Luxembourg, Switzerland and Denmark. The panel corrected Standard errors (PCSE) regression test results show that the income per capita is directly proportional with the income per worker and labour force total participation rate (LFTP). So when the average of age increases LFTP decreases and this affects negatively the national income of countries. Keywords: Aging; Labour Force Participation Rate; Panel Data Analysis JEL Classifications: J11; J21; C23
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".