Bibliographic record
Abstract
In our introductory discussion of all-optical networks (AONs) in Section 1.5.1 we have seen that the concept of lightpath plays a key role in wavelength-routing optical networks. A lightpath is an optical point-to-point path of light that interconnects a pair of source and destination nodes, where intermediate nodes along the lightpath route the signal all-optically without undergoing OEO conversion. As each lightpath requires one wavelength on every traversed link and the number of both wavelengths and links in AONs is limited for cost and efficiency reasons, it is impossible to interconnect every pair of nodes by a dedicated lightpath. Nodes that cannot be directly connected via a lightpath may use multiple different lightpaths to exchange data. In the resultant multihop optical network, each intermediate node terminating a lightpath performs OEO conversion. As a consequence, such opaque multihop optical networks are unable to provide transparency. Also, note that the transmission capacity between node pairs connected via a lightpath is equal to the bandwidth of an entire wavelength channel. This transmission capacity is dedicated and cannot be shared by other nodes, leading to wasted bandwidth under bursty nonregular traffic. To improve the bandwidth utilization of lightpaths, electronic traffic grooming becomes necessary at each source node.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".