The Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Properties and Hydrodeoxygenation Activity of Ni<sub>2</sub>P Catalysts Prepared Using Citric Acid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of calcination temperature on the preparation of unsupported high surface area Ni 2 P catalysts, synthesized by adding citric acid (CA) to an aqueous solution of nickel nitrate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate, is reported. The addition of CA led to increased surface area, decreased particle size, and increased CO uptake of the reduced Ni 2 P. However, increases in the Ni 2 P-CA calcination temperature from 773 to 823 and to 973 K led to a deterioration in the catalyst properties. All Ni 2 P catalysts deactivated following the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of 4-methylphenol (4-MP) at 623 K and 4.4 MPa. The deactivation was due to coking and was modeled by an exponential decay law. All Ni 2 P catalysts had similar deactivation parameters, indicating the loss in activity was due to C deposition on similar sites. The Ni 2 P-CA catalysts, with crystallite size in the range of 34–50 nm, had comparable initial TOFs, indicating that the HDO of 4-MP was structure insensitive over Ni 2 P catalysts of this size.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".