The Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Properties and Hydrodeoxygenation Activity of Ni<sub>2</sub>P Catalysts Prepared Using Citric Acid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of calcination temperature on the preparation of unsupported high surface area Ni2P catalysts, synthesized by adding citric acid (CA) to an aqueous solution of nickel nitrate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate, is reported. The addition of CA led to increased surface area, decreased particle size, and increased CO uptake of the reduced Ni2P. However, increases in the Ni2P-CA calcination temperature from 773 to 823 and to 973 K led to a deterioration in the catalyst properties. All Ni2P catalysts deactivated following the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of 4-methylphenol (4-MP) at 623 K and 4.4 MPa. The deactivation was due to coking and was modeled by an exponential decay law. All Ni2P catalysts had similar deactivation parameters, indicating the loss in activity was due to C deposition on similar sites. The Ni2P-CA catalysts, with crystallite size in the range of 34–50 nm, had comparable initial TOFs, indicating that the HDO of 4-MP was structure insensitive over Ni2P catalysts of this size.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".