Effect of the rheological properties on the mixing of Herschel‐Bulkley fluids with coaxial mixers: Applications of tomography, CFD, and response surface methodology
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The purpose of this novel research was to evaluate the influence of the rheological parameters of Herschel‐Bulkley fluids (e.g. xanthan gum solution) such as consistency index, power‐law index, and yield stress, on the mixing performance of a coaxial mixer (Scaba‐anchor) at distinct speed ratios in terms of the mixing time and power consumption. The mixing time of opaque xanthan gum solution was measured by electrical resistance tomography (ERT). A CFD model was developed for the 3D simulation of the fluid flow generated by the coaxial mixer. The rotation of the coaxial impellers was modelled employing the sliding mesh method. The experimental measurements of power drawn and mixing time were used to validate the CFD model. The results showed that both the mixing time and power consumption increased with increasing the consistency index and yield stress, while the mixing time and power drawn decreased with a rise in the power‐law index. The design of experiment (DOE) and response surface methodology (RSM) were carried out to investigate the interaction between independent variables. The result showed that the interaction between the consistency index and yield stress was the most important one. The RSM analysis demonstrated that the consistency index and speed ratio had major influences on the mixing efficiency of the coaxial mixing system. Mixing time values for the coaxial mixer correlated well with the Reynolds number and specific power consumption.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it