Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is a wide variety of conditions which affect the small bowel in children, from the newborn period to adolescence. Many of these, including abdominal wall defects, meconium ileus, Crohn's disease, and the general topic of short bowel syndrome, are discussed elsewhere in this text. This chapter will review the long-term outcomes associated with congenital duodenal obstruction (i.e., atresia and webs), jejunoileal atresia and webs, Meckel's diverticulum, intussusception, malrotation, and intestinal duplication. Most children recover from these problems and go on to live a normal healthy life. For this reason, relatively few studies exist documenting long-term outcomes. In this chapter the authors have used a combination of the existing literature, and their own institutional experience, to document outcome in an objective way. Long-term problems associated with small bowel disorders can be classified into several categories: those specific to the disorder itself (e.g., motility disturbances associated with atresia or malrotation); those that are a result of surgical intervention (e.g., short bowel syndrome following massive resection, or peritoneal adhesions following laparotomy); those related to underlying disease processes or associated anomalies. Complications and survival can also be divided into early and late time periods. Since both may influence long-term outcomes, some disease processes require a discussion of both early and late morbidity and mortality. Congenital duodenal obstruction Although infants with complete duodenal atresia present in the neonatal period, duodenal web or stenosis may present later during the first years of life. The obstruction is postampullary in approximately 80% of patients and preampullary in 20%.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.040 | 0.012 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".