Trend in Stroke Incidence in Shiga, Japan, 1990–2010.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Stroke mortality and incidence began to decline in Japan in the 1960s. Our population-based registry of stroke incidence using data collected from 1990 to 2001 has previously shown that this decline may have levelled off or slowed down. Whether this pattern of change continues in the decade that follows is uncertain. We examined the recent trend in stroke incidence in Japan using the same registry with follow-up extended to 2010. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Takashima Stroke Registry covering approximately 55,000 residents of Takashima Country in Shiga, Japan. We estimated the gender-specific age-adjusted first-ever stroke incidence rates (/100,000 person-years) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using Byar's method in three year intervals during 1990–2010. For age adjustment, we used direct standardization based on the world standard population distribution in 2000–25 from the World Health Organization. Ages were categorized into ranges of < 35, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, 65–74, 75–84, and ≥85 years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".