Profiles of Telomere Length Adult and Childhood Myelodysplastic Syndromes: A Comparison with Hematologic Diseases
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background: Telomere is a repeatitive sequence at the chromosome end, functioning as a cap, and the length of telomere becomes shortened after each cell devision, eventually going to senescence. Thus, the length of telomere reflects the proliferative capacity of cell and cellular age. Inherited mutation of telomerase gene results in dyskeratosis congenita characterized by telomere shortening and multi-organ stem cell damage. In contrast, stem cells or tumor cells maintain their telomere length by telomerase or alternative telomere lengthening. To investigate the profiles of telomere length among hematologic malignancies, we measured mean telomere length and heterogeneity of telomere length in various hematologic diseases, in comparison with bone marrow failure syndrome, aplastic anemia (AA) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Methods: Telomere length was measured by interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization. A total of 153 patients were enrolled; adult MDS (n=53), childhood MDS (n=17), adult AA (n=20), childhood AA (n=46), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) (n=5), Fanconi anemia (FA) (n=9) and normal control (n=72: normal bone marrow n=36), and normal peripheral blood of children n=36) as a control group. Telomere length was expressed as T/C ratio with adjustment of fluorescence intensity of centromeric signal in chromosome 2. Mean length of telomere and distribution width (SD: standard deviation), were compared to those of normal cells. Results: Mean telomere length (T/C ratio) was 6.7 (adult AA), 5.9 (childhood AA), 5.0 (adult MDS), 4.4 (childhood MDS), 2.1 in FA, 9.4 in AML, and 19.0 in normal control. Heterogeneity of telomere length expressed as telomere length SD was 4.6 in adult AA, 3.7 in childhood AA, 3.5 in adult MDS, 2.5 in childhood MDS, 1.4 in FA and 4.1 in AML. Cell population below 5th percentile of normal control expressed as percentage among total cells, was 75.0% in adult AA, 4.8% in childhood AA, 12.5% in childhood MDS, 87.0% in adult MDS and 0% in AML. When adult MDS patients were divided into two groups, high (¡Ã average) or low ( Conclusion: Short telomere was signature of MDS both in adult and childhood MDS and associated with adverse prognosis. However, telomere length of patients with childhood bone marrow failure syndrome was shortest. Heterogeneity in telomere length of patients with MDS was less prominent than those in patients with AA. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".