Effect of staged dewatering and excavation on the heave of soil beneath deep excavation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The heave of the bottom of excavation has long being paid attention to since 1950s. Stanley (1956) reported that large heave of bottom of excavation can occur for deep excavation without dewatering, however, the heave of excavation bottom can be greatly reduced by dewatering before excavation commence. Burland (1979) has investigated soil movements around excavations in London clay. Buford (1988) reported the heave of tunnels beneath an excavation in London due to the heave of overlying soil. The maximum heave measured was about 20-30 mm after excavation activities in 1957 and this upward displacement still continued and maximum magnitude reached about 50 mm in 1986. Lo & Ramsay (1991) proposed the methodology to deal with the “construction over tunnels” problem by a case record of excavation above subway tunnels in Toronto. Zheng et al. (2010) carried centrifuge tests to investigate the effect of overlying on tunnel linings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".