System for Bulk Dielectric Permittivity Estimation of Breast Tissues at Microwave Frequencies
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents an apparatus capable of measuring the average dielectric properties of the human breast. It is composed of two arrays between which the breast is placed. Each array is fitted with five ultra-wideband (UWB) sensors operating from 1.5 to 10 GHz. Direct contact is made between the breast skin and the sensor arrays, avoiding any matching liquid. The transmission coefficients for all possible sensor pairs in the two arrays are measured in 15 s. The data are then transformed to the time domain, and a time delay spectroscopy technique is used to estimate permittivity. The system was tested using phantoms with known properties and showed accurate estimations. Tests on human subjects resulted in dielectric property estimates in line with published data, while variation between scans of the same volunteer is as small as 2%.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it