Monotonic decrease of the zonal SST gradient of the equatorial Pacific as a function of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in CCSM3 and CCSM4
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The west‐east sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the equatorial Pacific Ocean is a key feature of Earth's climate. How this gradient responds to varying climatic forcing is a challenge to both climate theory and climate modeling. Using the coupled atmosphere‐ocean general circulation models, Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) and version 4 (CCSM4), we show that the zonal SST gradient is an almost monotonically decreasing function of atmospheric CO2 concentration (pCO2) across a wide range from 17.5 to 4576 ppmv. As pCO2 is increased, the optical depth of clouds over the western and central Pacific increases significantly, reflecting more insolation back to space, suppressing surface warming in this region and thereby reducing the zonal SST gradient. Ocean adjustment to a weakening of surface zonal winds is characterized by relaxations of the equatorial thermocline tilt, zonal surface currents, and ocean upwelling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".