Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the globalization debate, there is a school of thought that the unchecked expansion of crossborder finances, investment, trade, manufacturing, and consumerism has destroyed sovereignty as well as weakened the social safety net, seriously threatening the economic stability of nations. 1 Whether globalization will dismantle the current system of nation states and replace them with something different is not just a possibility, but a reality. Nation-states are forming region-markets and region-states. The oldest and the first entity to emerge from the supranational movement of the 1990s, the European Union, began to form soon after the end of the Second World War. 2 In the Western Hemisphere, the Rio Pact of the American nations, a military and security alliance, dates back to 1948. Its moral and economic successor was the first Summit of the Americas meeting in Miami of December 1995 when 34 of the 35 countries of the Americas agreed to negotiate a free-market agreement by 2005. Non-democratic Cuba was excluded. In 1992, Canada, the United States, and Mexico agreed to establish the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). In 1994, it became a reality. Further south, Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay signed the Asuncion Treaty in 1991, by which the four nations established a common external tariff agreement in 1995, MERCOSUR/MERCOSUL. 3 These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".