Bibliographic record
Abstract
Australia emerged from the Second World War on the winning side, and in far better physical and economic shape than most of the victorious combatant nations other than the United States. Like the other dominions of the British Empire, Australia had avoided invasion and occupation with their attendant destruction, division and trauma (although, unlike Canada, New Zealand or South Africa, Australian territory had been attacked sporadically by the Japanese in the course of 1942–43). As a major supplier of US forces in the South-West Pacific Area, moreover, Australia emerged from the war as one of the few net creditor nations under the US-inspired Lend-Lease scheme. The suspension of the scheme within weeks of the end of the war placed the battered British economy under still greater stress but had little effect on Australia's. Australia had been on the victorious side in 1918 as well, but having won the war could arguably be said, in common with most of the world's democracies, to have lost the peace during the interwar years. The ‘war to end wars’ had done nothing of the sort, and the economic depressions of the early 1920s and throughout the 1930s had led some to question the value of the sacrifices of the Great War generation, and had contributed seemingly little to the creation of a ‘land fit for heroes’. The political and strategic folly of the interwar years had been replicated in Australia as well: the general officers’ conference of 1921 had identified the most likely direct threat to Australia as being posed by Japan and had made recommendations for force structure and capabilities with which to meet it. Not surprisingly, so soon after the end of the Great War their report was ignored and, equally predictably, the conclusions of the Washington Treaty on Naval Armaments Limitations in 1922 had seen the small Royal Australian Navy further reduced in size and effectiveness. In 1945, however, the wisdom of massive postwar reductions in the armed forces in a context of emerging Cold War tensions between east and west was less than strikingly apparent – at least to some – and within the senior ranks of the Australian Army there was a strong belief that the mistakes of the interwar period should not be repeated now, nor the costs of such reductions visited upon a new generation of Australians whether in or out of uniform.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.058 | 0.033 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".