Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Originally Inuit languages had a temporal opposition between future and non-future. Over time, Iñupiaq has evolved an opposition between past, present, and future, while Inuktitut and West Greenlandic (WG) have retained the future/non-future opposition. This chapter will show that it is incorrect to describe WG as tenseless; WG has grammaticalized tense affixes. There are five such future-tense affixes: -ssa ‘future’, -niar ‘inevitable future’, -jumaar ‘vague future’, -ssamaar ‘planned future’, and -ler ‘near future’. The first three also have modal meanings: -ssa ‘should’, -niar ‘intention’, -jumaar ‘promise’. While, ssamaar has only one meaning, -ler has an additional three: two in the inner phasal aspect (‘begin’ and ‘be about to’), and one in outer phasal aspect (‘be about to’). This chapter shows that it is necessary to pay close attention to morphological structure, and to allow for the possibility that tense can be expressed by derivational affixes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".