Expression of the MAESTRO (MRO) Gene in Adult Human Ovarian Granulosa Cells.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
MAESTRO (Male-Specific transcription in the developing reproductive organs; MRO) was first described during male murine gonadal somatic cell differentiation, but not in the developing female gonads. The human MRO gene, located on chromosome 18 (18q21) has high homology to the mouse gene with no significant homology to any other genes. Using Affymatrix genechip arrays, we previously described a 10-fold increased expression of MRO transcripts in the human cumulus cells from lean polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) compared to their non-PCOS counterparts. To further investigate MRO gene expression in the adult human ovary, RT-PCR and western blot analyses were conducted on granulosa cells obtained from patients undergoing IVF. RT-PCR and sequencing demonstrated the presence of two major MRO splice variants in granulosa cells: a long variant (~719 bp) and a short variant (~563 bp) lacking exon 7. No MRO products were found in adult human testis, and other cell types. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against the deduced peptide sequence within a common exon (exon 6) shared among all known MRO splice variants. Western blot analysis on whole protein extracts from granulosa cells revealed three bands (40-, 24-, and 8- kDa), possibly representing modified variant sequences. In conclusion, we show preliminary evidence that MRO is expressed at the mRNA and protein levels in human ovarian granulosa cells obtained from IVF patients. Further studies of human MRO may reveal novel processes involved in both normal ovarian physiology and in PCOS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".