The Expression of Genes Involved in Ovulation Is Regulated by Angiotensin II in Granulosa Cells In Vitro.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Angiotensin II (ANGII) induces follicular prostaglandin release in a number of species, and is involved in ovulation in cattle and rabbits. ANGII signals through either the type 1 (AT1) or type 2 (AT2) receptor, and its non-cardiovascular effects are believed to be mediated through AT2. Ovulation is associated with the expression of key genes in granulosa cells, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), the progesterone receptor (PGR), plasminogen activators (PA) and the PA inhibitor, SerpinE2. The objective of the present study was to test the hypotheses that ANGII, alone or in combination with LH, induces the expression of these genes. Bovine granulosa cells from large (>10 mm) follicles were cultured in medium with FSH (1ng/ml) and bovine serum (2%) for 24h. The cells were then cultured in serum-free medium without FSH for a further 20h, after which cells were treated with LH (100ng/ml), ANGII (10μM) or both for 6h, 12h and 24h. The cells expressed COX2 under basal culture conditions, which was not upregulated by either LH or ANGII alone. However, LH and ANGII in combination significantly enhanced (P<0.05) COX2 mRNA (RT-PCR) and protein accumulation (immunofluorescence) at all time points studied. Coincubation with AT2 inhibitor (PD123,319) diminished the stimulation of COX2 expression by LH+ANGII (P<0.05), whereas coincubation with AT1 inhibitor (Losartan) had no effect. The addition of ANGII to LH-treated cells significantly increased expression of uPA, tPA, SerpinE2 and PGR. These data demonstrated that ANG II is a physiological co-factor necessary for the expression of genes in granulosa cells that are critical for ovulation, and acts through the type 2 angiotensin receptor. Supported by NSERC Canada and CNPq, Brazil.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".