Bibliographic record
Abstract
When a polymer molecule is subjected to a force (such as a tensile force) it responds and this response gives information about the thermodynamics and structural properties of the polymer. In recent years there have been a number of experimental developments, such as atomic force microscopy and optical tweezers, that allow individual polymer molecules to be pulled in various ways. This has resulted in a renewed theoretical interest in how polymers respond to applied forces. This review will focus on some particular aspects of this field. We shall be primarily interested in tensile forces and consider various scenarios, such as pulling an adsorbed polymer from a surface and pulling a polymer from one phase to another. In order to make theoretical progress one needs a model of the polymer and we shall focus on lattice models. Our emphasis will be on exactly solvable models such as Dyck and Motzkin paths, and on rigorous results for self-avoiding walk models and some relatives, though we shall also discuss scaling theories and some selected numerical results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".