Bibliographic record
Abstract
No region in the history of the world has created more insecurity – more wars, more deaths, in its heartland and throughout the world – than has Europe, especially in its dark and vicious twentieth century. The realization that the core of Europe has become a zone of peace and prosperity can only make one weep with joy. What needs to be explained is – precisely – a transformation, that is, not just a return to the stability that had marked most of the nineteenth century but the creation of a new world, in large part populated by states of a different character. It can be said immediately that sophisticated accounts of this transformation have already been offered, perhaps the best of them within international relations theory being that of Norrin Ripsman, whose general viewpoint is presented in this volume. I am largely in agreement with his eclectic view, stressing as it does the importance of realist considerations in the creation of a zone of peace and of liberal factors that then solidified this achievement in such a way as to create the transformation in question. However, there are differences at the margins: I will stress the continuing role of geopolitics, both American and European; emphasize tensions within the transatlantic community; show skepticism toward the extent of European liberalism; add elements of sociological class analysis; and thicken the analysis at all points.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".